My reportz...
- Locked due to inactivity on Aug 4, '16 4:18pm
Thread Topic: My reportz...
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Gotta find it first xD
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Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the later stages of the French Revolution.
Napoleon was born in Corsica, France on August 15, 1769, three months after the island was defeated by the French. He was the second of eight children, born in the Buonaparte home. Napoleon was actually named Napoleone di Buonapart, until his late twenties, when he was given the French sounding name Napolon Bonaparte. Napoleon grew up hating France, because of what they had done to Corsica.
Napoleon started school at the age of five. He was enrolled in a school ruled by nuns in 1774. He started to love arithmetic, a love which he kept throughout his life. In 1777, three years after starting schooling, Napoleon went to a farmer's mill to calculate the productions of the mill. In early 1778, the Buonapart family was blossoming and their resources became scarce. Napoleon's father decided his oldest boys were ready for more challenging schooling and decided to enroll them in one of the two schools for French nobility.
At the age of nine, he took his first step in France for schooling, in the winter of 1778. Napoleon could hardly speak the language. For four months he spent almost all of his time trying to master French and understand what he was being taught in school. He became fluent enough to understand the basics of the language, but never truly mastered the language, even by his time of death.
Napoleon was different from the other students. They were some of Europe's richest children. Though he was not the only foreigner, Englishmen attended, he was the only Corsican.
The cole Militaire was the continuation of Napoleon's previous education. In this school he was able to narrow his studies to a specific branch of the military. Napoleon completed the artillery course at the cole Militaire in only one year. At the age of fifteen, Napoleon was promoted to the Royal Military Academy in Paris. At age sixteen, he began his apprenticeship as a second lieutenant, training with the best artillery unit in the French army. The French Revolution changed everything. Bonaparte was only 23 when he took a leave of absence from the French army and returned to Corsica. By that time, The French Republic had made Corsica a part of France, and given Corsicans all the rights of French citizens. Bonaparte, a lieutenant in the island's National Guard, engaged himself into Corsican Politics.
Napoleon became leader of a faction (group with same belief) against Governor Pasquale Paoli. The other members of the faction viewed Bonaparte as self-centered, too ambitious and too sympathetic for the France. Paoli's partisans and Bonaparte's were soon at war. In the end, Paoli proved to be better. Bonaparte's home was attacked and he was forced to flee to France.
The Corsican Assembly declared Napoleon and his entire family to be traitors and enemies of the Fatherland, and were forever condemned to infamy and execration. Bonaparte no longer had the right to live in Corsica. He had been given a death sentence by his own people. On June 10, 1793, he set sail for France with his mother, three brothers and three sisters, a refugee family carrying with them all they owned. At 24, he was banished from the land of his birth forever.
After returning to France on December 18, 1793, Napoleon took part in the siege of Toulon and was one of the main contributors to the French strategy. Cannons of the Revolutionary army under the command of 24 old Major Napoleon Bonaparte destroyed ten English ships anchored in Toulon's harbor. He led his men in an assault on the fort guarding the city. He suffered a wound in the thigh from an enemy bayonet. This first victory made him the hero of the day throughout France.
With an immense need for greater advancement, Brigadier General Bonaparte headed for Paris. Political turmoil in the city's street soon gave him his chance. On October 5, 1795, large amount of Parisians joined national guardsmen, insisting on defeating the Republic, and the government called on Bonaparte to repel the attack.
"They put the matter in my hands," Napoleon had said, "and then set to discussing whether or not I had the right to repel force by force. Do you intent to wait, said I, until the people give you permission to fire at them? You have appointed me, and I am compromised. It is only fair that I should do the business my own way. On that I left the lawyers to drown themselves in their own flood of words, and got the troops on the move."
Three weeks later he was made a full general, commander of the Army of the Interior, and of the Army of Italy. At this point, in around 1796, he changed his name officially to the more French sounding name Napolon Bonapart. He was only 26 at the time.
The Army of Italy was comprised of a malnourished, equipment-lacking group of disheveled men. This army managed to survive on anything they could forage and loot from the countryside, which in their present position, near Piedmont, was very little. These men therefore would march very quickly when the hope of food and looting was imminent. Bonaparte then decided upon his attack against the Piedmontese and their allies, the Austrians, and began his first independent campaign.
Between 1794 and 1797 Napoleon fought a series of campaigns in Italy. He suffered several defeats and narrowly won many battles. He was able to penetrate into Tyrolia and into an area less than one hundred miles from Vienna, but was forced to sign a peace treaty due to a lack of troops.
At the end of 1797, 28 year old Napoleon Bonaparte returned to Paris, and handed the government a treaty signed by the Austrians which brought a fragile peace to the continent of Europe. In just 1 years, he had taken his dispirited, tattered solders and marched them hundreds of miles, then defeated the army of the Empire of Austria without ever losing a battle. After the Italian Campaign, Napoleon helped to defend the Directory from mobs. The Directory is the highest authority of the French government. He later used his political friends to become First Consul. He later added the title First Consul for Life. He and two others functioned as our president does, with the Directory functioning as the Congress. Napoleon was very active in politics and simultaneously managed military affairs admirably. Several years later, as First Consul, Napoleon waged another war in Italy.
After nearly four years as Consul Napoleon became Emperor. He was crowned in the Notre Dame de Paris on December 2, 1804. He crowned Josephine de Beauharnais, his wife, empress. He also granted titles to his family and other important figures.
Twenty days after returning from Italy, he was elected to the high-status Institute de France. After conquering Egypt, he founded the Institute d'Egypte, through which mathematicians, mapmakers, and engineers studied mummies, surveyed temples and discovered the Rosetta Stone, which later is the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Those who personified the ideals expressed by Bonaparte were generously rewarded. He created a special mark of esteem, the Legion of Honor. But those who deified him were crushed under his iron hand.
On December 2, 1805, Napoleon and his army defeated a Russian Austrian army, commanded by Tsar Alexander the first and Francis II, after nearly 9 hours of battle. -
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EDIT:
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the later stages of the French Revolution.
Napoleon was born in Corsica, France on August 15, 1769, three months after the island was defeated by the French. He was the second of eight children, born in the Buonaparte home. Napoleon was actually named Napoleone di Buonapart, until his late twenties, when he was given the French sounding name Napolon Bonaparte. Napoleon grew up hating France, because of what they had done to Corsica.
Napoleon started school at the age of five. He was enrolled in a school ruled by nuns in 1774. He started to love arithmetic, a love which he kept throughout his life. In 1777, three years after starting schooling, Napoleon went to a farmer's mill to calculate the productions of the mill. In early 1778, the Buonapart family was blossoming and their resources became scarce. Napoleon's father decided his oldest boys were ready for more challenging schooling and decided to enroll them in one of the two schools for French nobility.
At the age of nine, he took his first step in France for schooling, in the winter of 1778. Napoleon could hardly speak the language. For four months he spent almost all of his time trying to master French and understand what he was being taught in school. He became fluent enough to understand the basics of the language, but never truly mastered the language, even by his time of death.
Napoleon was different from the other students. They were some of Europe's richest children. Though he was not the only foreigner, Englishmen attended, he was the only Corsican.
The cole Militaire was the continuation of Napoleon's previous education. In this school he was able to narrow his studies to a specific branch of the military. Napoleon completed the artillery course at the cole Militaire in only one year. At the age of fifteen, Napoleon was promoted to the Royal Military Academy in Paris. At age sixteen, he began his apprenticeship as a second lieutenant, training with the best artillery unit in the French army. The French Revolution changed everything. Bonaparte was only 23 when he took a leave of absence from the French army and returned to Corsica. By that time, The French Republic had made Corsica a part of France, and given Corsicans all the rights of French citizens. Bonaparte, a lieutenant in the island's National Guard, engaged himself into Corsican Politics.
Napoleon became leader of a faction (group with same belief) against Governor Pasquale Paoli. The other members of the faction viewed Bonaparte as self-centered, too ambitious and too sympathetic for the France. Paoli's partisans and Bonaparte's were soon at war. In the end, Paoli proved to be better. Bonaparte's home was attacked and he was forced to flee to France.
The Corsican Assembly declared Napoleon and his entire family to be traitors and enemies of the Fatherland, and were forever condemned to infamy and execration. Bonaparte no longer had the right to live in Corsica. He had been given a death sentence by his own people. On June 10, 1793, he set sail for France with his mother, three brothers and three sisters, a refugee family carrying with them all they owned. At 24, he was banished from the land of his birth forever.
After returning to France on December 18, 1793, Napoleon took part in the siege of Toulon and was one of the main contributors to the French strategy. Cannons of the Revolutionary army under the command of 24 old Major Napoleon Bonaparte destroyed ten English ships anchored in Toulon's harbor. He led his men in an assault on the fort guarding the city. He suffered a wound in the thigh from an enemy bayonet. This first victory made him the hero of the day throughout France.
With an immense need for greater advancement, Brigadier General Bonaparte headed for Paris. Political turmoil in the city's street soon gave him his chance. On October 5, 1795, large amount of Parisians joined national guardsmen, insisting on defeating the Republic, and the government called on Bonaparte to repel the attack.
"They put the matter in my hands," Napoleon had said, "and then set to discussing whether or not I had the right to repel force by force. Do you intent to wait, said I, until the people give you permission to fire at them? You have appointed me, and I am compromised. It is only fair that I should do the business my own way. On that I left the lawyers to drown themselves in their own flood of words, and got the troops on the move."
Three weeks later he was made a full general, commander of the Army of the Interior, and of the Army of Italy. At this point, in around 1796, he changed his name officially to the more French sounding name Napolon Bonapart. He was only 26 at the time.
The Army of Italy was comprised of a malnourished, equipment-lacking group of disheveled men. This army managed to survive on anything they could forage and loot from the countryside, which in their present position, near Piedmont, was very little.
These men therefore would march very quickly when the hope of food and looting was imminent. Bonaparte then decided upon his attack against the Piedmontese and their allies, the Austrians, and began his first independent campaign.
Between 1794 and 1797 Napoleon fought a series of campaigns in Italy. He suffered several defeats and narrowly won many battles. He was able to penetrate into Tyrolia and into an area less than one hundred miles from Vienna, but was forced to sign a peace treaty due to a lack of troops.
At the end of 1797, 28 year old Napoleon Bonaparte returned to Paris, and handed the government a treaty signed by the Austrians which brought a fragile peace to the continent of Europe. In just 1 years, he had taken his dispirited, tattered solders and marched them hundreds of miles, then defeated the army of the Empire of Austria without ever losing a battle.
After the Italian Campaign, Napoleon helped to defend the Directory from mobs. The Directory is the highest authority of the French government. Soon, there was a French attempt to use authority over Egypt, mainly because of the economy at the time, a political need to weaken Britain, and the personal needs of General Bonaparte. The Directory overviewed pros and cons of Egyptian invasions. Finally, they agreed to Bonapartes idea to march into Egypt, force out the ruling Mamelukes and establish a style of government corresponding to French ways.
Within three months, the young general had raised and prepared an expeditionary team of just under 40,000 men, which included scientists, engineers and veteran troops from the Army of Italy.
On the way, the French forces captured Malta, and then proceeded to Alexandria. The city gave into Bonaparte in a matter of hours of the French fleets arrival. They then continued their difficult march down the Nile towards Cairo, enduring heat, disease and exhaustion.
On the 21st of July, the French reached Cairo and were treated to the view of the Pyramids; but also an army of 120,000 Arabs and Mamelukes. Forming large squares that incorporated cannons, a tactic Napoleon often used, the 25,000 French troops waited for the assault. There were some 5000 enemy casualties, while Bonaparte had just under 300 killed and injured.
Three days later, Bonaparte and his army took Cairo, but the campaigns successes were ruined by the Admiral Horatio Nelsons defeat of the French navy at Aboukir Bay, which cut Napoleons army off from its supply lines.
In October 1798, a mob of several thousand rioted threw the streets of the city, causing the death of three hundred Frenchmen. This rebellion ended once the army turned its canons at the El Azhar mosque. Next, the troops had to suffer through an outbreak of the plague, which demolish French ranks, but Bonaparte's bravery again put heart into his troops when he personally visited the sick and dying at a time when even their physicians were avoiding them.
(ignore grammar) -
GTQ Wont allow half the letters in this anyway xD
At around this point, He established the Institut dEgypt
In February, 1799, he marched his army of 13,000 into Syria, where the Syrian leader, Djezzar Pasha had organized a large army to attack Egypt. France was also, at this point, at war with Turkey, and Napoleon knew there were British plans to send an Ottoman army to assault from behind. Therefore, speed was of the essence; but the campaign went off to a slow start when a fort at El Arish held out for ten days before finally surrendering. Afterward, many troops that had been given mercy betrayed the French and were executed, but only after 10 weeks of decision.
After these ordeals, Plague again broke out in the army and again Bonaparte showed great bravery in attending the sick and dying. Advancing to Acre, he then discovered that his army's large caliber blockade guns had been captured by a British naval officer, Sir William Sidney Smith, and the delays at El Arish and Jaffa had allowed his opponents to fully prepare the fortress before him to withstand an assault. Though on 28 March, Bonaparte launched an assault that succeeded in getting inside the walls, but a counterattack by Djezzar Pasha threw them out again. Napoleon now found himself trapped by blockades and with enemy forces encircling his small army. He sent out three generals, Junot, Murat and Kleber, with groups of men in a desperate attempt to retain the upper hand.
On April 5th, Junot beat off an attack near Nazareth, and when Kleber was sent to reinforce him, he found his own 1,500 men facing an opposing force of 35,000. This battle was the Battle of Mt. Tabor, with Kleber holding off the enemy for 10 hours. When Napoleon arrived with reinforcements, the Turks fled.
This victory did not help with the siege of Acre, which dragged into May, in which time; Napoleon still couldnt capture the city.
Returning to Cairo in early June, Bonaparte made secret plans to return to France. He still had one more battle to be fought in Egypt, however, and at Aboukir where Pasha's 15,000 men faced Bonaparte's 10,000. The battle was won when Murat led the French cavalry against the enemy commander and captured him.
On 22 August, Bonaparte sailed for France with his closest friends, leaving behind his French army, under command of Kleber, he sailed for his home.
Two years later, after once again returning the Directory to power, he used his political friends to become First Consul. He and two others functioned as our president does, with the Directory functioning as the Congress. Napoleon was very active in politics and simultaneously managed military affairs admirably. Several years later, as First Consul, Napoleon waged another war in Italy.
After nearly four years as Consul Napoleon became Emperor. He was crowned in the Notre Dame de Paris on December 2, 1804. He crowned Josephine de Beauharnais, his wife, empress. He also granted titles to his family and other important figures.
Twenty days after returning from Italy, he was elected to the high-status Institute de France.
On December 2, 1805, Napoleon and his army defeated a Russian Austrian army, commanded by Tsar Alexander the first and Francis II, after nearly 9 hours of battle.
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